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Germanium

Document v1 · published by Koskamo · updated 2026-10-04

Original source

Germanium (Ge) is chemical element 32, a metalloid in group 14, period 4 (PubChem).

  • Atomic number: 32
  • Symbol: Ge
  • Group: 14
  • Period: 4
  • Atomic mass: 72.63 u
  • Electron configuration: [Ar]4s2 3d10 4p2
  • Electronegativity (Pauling scale): 2.01
  • Atomic radius (van der Waals): 211 pm
  • Ionization energy: 7.900 eV
  • Electron affinity: 1.35 eV
  • Oxidation states: +4, +2
  • Standard state: Solid
  • Melting point: 1211.4 K
  • Boiling point: 3106 K
  • Density: 5.323 g/cm³
  • Chemical group: Metalloid
  • Year discovered: 1886

Source and provenance

Original source
pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Published on Koskamo by
Koskamo
Citation version
Document v1
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PubChem periodic table data (NIH/NLM, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ptable); group and period from Jefferson Lab via PubChem

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Version history

  1. Published by Koskamo

    Version 1