Lead

Document v1 · published by Koskamo · updated 2026-10-04

Lead (Pb) is chemical element 82, a post-transition metal in group 14, period 6 (PubChem).

Atomic number: 82
Symbol: Pb
Group: 14
Period: 6
Atomic mass: 207 u
Electron configuration: [Xe]6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2
Electronegativity (Pauling scale): 2.33
Atomic radius (van der Waals): 202 pm
Ionization energy: 7.417 eV
Electron affinity: 0.36 eV
Oxidation states: +4, +2
Standard state: Solid
Melting point: 600.61 K
Boiling point: 2022 K
Density: 11.342 g/cm³
Chemical group: Post-transition metal
Year discovered: Ancient

Source and provenance

Original source: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Published on Koskamo by: Koskamo
Citation version: Document v1
Reuse: PubChem periodic table data (NIH/NLM, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ptable); group and period from Jefferson Lab via PubChem

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Version history

Published by Koskamo2026-10-04
Version 1