{"dataset":{"id":"03e37f8c-196a-43e5-be3e-5e24a29d1ce2","slug":"planetary-fact-sheet","name":"Planetary fact sheet (NASA)","description":"Physical and orbital data for the planets, the Moon, and Pluto from the NASA NSSDCA Planetary Fact Sheet (metric), a US government work. One document per body with every table row as NASA states it, including footnotes.","visibility":"public","version":11,"documentCount":10,"createdAt":"2026-10-04T00:04:28.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:43.000Z","publisher":"Koskamo","license":"NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (NSSDCA), a work of the US government (public domain in the United States)","reviewedAt":"2026-10-04T00:06:02.000Z"},"total":10,"documents":[{"id":"9ea8232a-e43f-4230-ba4f-ab99e64e5a3c","title":"Mercury","sourceUrl":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/","version":1,"createdAt":"2026-10-04T00:04:35.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T00:04:35.000Z","text":"Mercury facts from the NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (metric).\n\n- Mass: 0.330 × 10²⁴ kg\n- Diameter: 4879 km\n- Density: 5429 kg/m³\n- Gravity: 3.7 m/s²\n- Escape Velocity: 4.3 km/s\n- Rotation Period: 1407.6 hours\n- Length of Day: 4222.6 hours\n- Distance from Sun: 57.9 × 10⁶ km\n- Perihelion: 46.0 × 10⁶ km\n- Aphelion: 69.8 × 10⁶ km\n- Orbital Period: 88.0 days\n- Orbital Velocity: 47.4 km/s\n- Orbital Inclination: 7.0 degrees\n- Orbital Eccentricity: 0.206\n- Obliquity to Orbit: 0.034 degrees\n- Mean Temperature: 167 C\n- Surface Pressure: 0 bars\n- Number of Moons: 0\n- Ring System?: No\n- Global Magnetic Field?: Yes\n- Detailed NASA fact sheet: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/mercuryfact.html\n- Values compared to Earth: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_ratio.html\n- Notes on the values: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planetfact_notes.html\n- Fact sheet last updated: 18 March 2025"},{"id":"3e69974c-9001-4323-866a-d53d1747fc5f","title":"Venus","sourceUrl":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/","version":1,"createdAt":"2026-10-04T00:04:50.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T00:04:50.000Z","text":"Venus facts from the NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (metric).\n\n- Mass: 4.87 × 10²⁴ kg\n- Diameter: 12,104 km\n- Density: 5243 kg/m³\n- Gravity: 8.9 m/s²\n- Escape Velocity: 10.4 km/s\n- Rotation Period: -5832.5 hours\n- Length of Day: 2802.0 hours\n- Distance from Sun: 108.2 × 10⁶ km\n- Perihelion: 107.5 × 10⁶ km\n- Aphelion: 108.9 × 10⁶ km\n- Orbital Period: 224.7 days\n- Orbital Velocity: 35.0 km/s\n- Orbital Inclination: 3.4 degrees\n- Orbital Eccentricity: 0.007\n- Obliquity to Orbit: 177.4 degrees\n- Mean Temperature: 464 C\n- Surface Pressure: 92 bars\n- Number of Moons: 0\n- Ring System?: No\n- Global Magnetic Field?: No\n- Detailed NASA fact sheet: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/venusfact.html\n- Values compared to Earth: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_ratio.html\n- Notes on the values: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planetfact_notes.html\n- Fact sheet last updated: 18 March 2025"},{"id":"24490415-aea2-40c7-8018-144be85c6f1c","title":"Earth","sourceUrl":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/","version":1,"createdAt":"2026-10-04T00:04:56.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T00:04:56.000Z","text":"Earth facts from the NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (metric).\n\n- Mass: 5.97 × 10²⁴ kg\n- Diameter: 12,756 km\n- Density: 5514 kg/m³\n- Gravity: 9.8 m/s²\n- Escape Velocity: 11.2 km/s\n- Rotation Period: 23.9 hours\n- Length of Day: 24.0 hours\n- Distance from Sun: 149.6 × 10⁶ km\n- Perihelion: 147.1 × 10⁶ km\n- Aphelion: 152.1 × 10⁶ km\n- Orbital Period: 365.2 days\n- Orbital Velocity: 29.8 km/s\n- Orbital Inclination: 0.0 degrees\n- Orbital Eccentricity: 0.017\n- Obliquity to Orbit: 23.4 degrees\n- Mean Temperature: 15 C\n- Surface Pressure: 1 bars\n- Number of Moons: 1\n- Ring System?: No\n- Global Magnetic Field?: Yes\n- Detailed NASA fact sheet: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html\n- Values compared to Earth: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_ratio.html\n- Notes on the values: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planetfact_notes.html\n- Fact sheet last updated: 18 March 2025"},{"id":"7397789a-2f25-4168-bf4b-52551f55b1a5","title":"Moon","sourceUrl":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/","version":1,"createdAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:03.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:03.000Z","text":"Moon facts from the NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (metric).\n\n- Mass: 0.073 × 10²⁴ kg\n- Diameter: 3475 km\n- Density: 3340 kg/m³\n- Gravity: 1.6 m/s²\n- Escape Velocity: 2.4 km/s\n- Rotation Period: 655.7 hours\n- Length of Day: 708.7 hours\n- Distance from Sun: 0.384 × 10⁶ km (NASA footnote: For the Moon, the average distance from the Earth is given.)\n- Perihelion: 0.363 × 10⁶ km (NASA footnote: For the Moon, the closest and furthest points to Earth are given, known as the \"Perigee\" and \"Apogee\" respectively.)\n- Aphelion: 0.406 × 10⁶ km (NASA footnote: For the Moon, the closest and furthest points to Earth are given, known as the \"Perigee\" and \"Apogee\" respectively.)\n- Orbital Period: 27.3 days (NASA footnote: For the Moon, the sidereal orbit period, the time to orbit once relative to the fixed background stars, is given.)\n- Orbital Velocity: 1.0 km/s (NASA footnote: For the Moon, the average velocity around the Earth is given.)\n- Orbital Inclination: 5.1 degrees\n- Orbital Eccentricity: 0.055\n- Obliquity to Orbit: 6.7 degrees\n- Mean Temperature: -20 C\n- Surface Pressure: 0 bars\n- Number of Moons: 0\n- Ring System?: No\n- Global Magnetic Field?: No\n- Detailed NASA fact sheet: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html\n- Values compared to Earth: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_ratio.html\n- Notes on the values: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planetfact_notes.html\n- Fact sheet last updated: 18 March 2025"},{"id":"c2922350-0f43-4b99-8323-7e6587954852","title":"Mars","sourceUrl":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/","version":1,"createdAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:10.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:10.000Z","text":"Mars facts from the NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (metric).\n\n- Mass: 0.642 × 10²⁴ kg\n- Diameter: 6792 km\n- Density: 3934 kg/m³\n- Gravity: 3.7 m/s²\n- Escape Velocity: 5.0 km/s\n- Rotation Period: 24.6 hours\n- Length of Day: 24.7 hours\n- Distance from Sun: 228.0 × 10⁶ km\n- Perihelion: 206.7 × 10⁶ km\n- Aphelion: 249.3 × 10⁶ km\n- Orbital Period: 687.0 days\n- Orbital Velocity: 24.1 km/s\n- Orbital Inclination: 1.8 degrees\n- Orbital Eccentricity: 0.094\n- Obliquity to Orbit: 25.2 degrees\n- Mean Temperature: -65 C\n- Surface Pressure: 0.01 bars\n- Number of Moons: 2\n- Ring System?: No\n- Global Magnetic Field?: No\n- Detailed NASA fact sheet: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.html\n- Values compared to Earth: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_ratio.html\n- Notes on the values: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planetfact_notes.html\n- Fact sheet last updated: 18 March 2025"},{"id":"74eb081f-66a7-4bd4-9827-5fec4b5d137e","title":"Jupiter","sourceUrl":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/","version":1,"createdAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:17.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:17.000Z","text":"Jupiter facts from the NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (metric).\n\n- Mass: 1898 × 10²⁴ kg\n- Diameter: 142,984 km\n- Density: 1326 kg/m³\n- Gravity: 23.1 m/s²\n- Escape Velocity: 59.5 km/s\n- Rotation Period: 9.9 hours\n- Length of Day: 9.9 hours\n- Distance from Sun: 778.5 × 10⁶ km\n- Perihelion: 740.6 × 10⁶ km\n- Aphelion: 816.4 × 10⁶ km\n- Orbital Period: 4331 days\n- Orbital Velocity: 13.1 km/s\n- Orbital Inclination: 1.3 degrees\n- Orbital Eccentricity: 0.049\n- Obliquity to Orbit: 3.1 degrees\n- Mean Temperature: -110 C\n- Surface Pressure: Unknown (NASA footnote: The surfaces of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are deep in the atmosphere and the location and pressures are not known.)\n- Number of Moons: 95\n- Ring System?: Yes\n- Global Magnetic Field?: Yes\n- Detailed NASA fact sheet: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.html\n- Values compared to Earth: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_ratio.html\n- Notes on the values: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planetfact_notes.html\n- Fact sheet last updated: 18 March 2025"},{"id":"94510540-da67-444c-a78a-95a9271e6626","title":"Saturn","sourceUrl":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/","version":1,"createdAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:23.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:23.000Z","text":"Saturn facts from the NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (metric).\n\n- Mass: 568 × 10²⁴ kg\n- Diameter: 120,536 km\n- Density: 687 kg/m³\n- Gravity: 9.0 m/s²\n- Escape Velocity: 35.5 km/s\n- Rotation Period: 10.7 hours\n- Length of Day: 10.7 hours\n- Distance from Sun: 1432.0 × 10⁶ km\n- Perihelion: 1357.6 × 10⁶ km\n- Aphelion: 1506.5 × 10⁶ km\n- Orbital Period: 10,747 days\n- Orbital Velocity: 9.7 km/s\n- Orbital Inclination: 2.5 degrees\n- Orbital Eccentricity: 0.052\n- Obliquity to Orbit: 26.7 degrees\n- Mean Temperature: -140 C\n- Surface Pressure: Unknown (NASA footnote: The surfaces of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are deep in the atmosphere and the location and pressures are not known.)\n- Number of Moons: 274\n- Ring System?: Yes\n- Global Magnetic Field?: Yes\n- Detailed NASA fact sheet: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturnfact.html\n- Values compared to Earth: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_ratio.html\n- Notes on the values: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planetfact_notes.html\n- Fact sheet last updated: 18 March 2025"},{"id":"b4ee7df0-0561-4efb-99fd-dc796e9a7f32","title":"Uranus","sourceUrl":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/","version":1,"createdAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:30.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:30.000Z","text":"Uranus facts from the NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (metric).\n\n- Mass: 86.8 × 10²⁴ kg\n- Diameter: 51,118 km\n- Density: 1270 kg/m³\n- Gravity: 8.7 m/s²\n- Escape Velocity: 21.3 km/s\n- Rotation Period: -17.2 hours\n- Length of Day: 17.2 hours\n- Distance from Sun: 2867.0 × 10⁶ km\n- Perihelion: 2732.7 × 10⁶ km\n- Aphelion: 3001.4 × 10⁶ km\n- Orbital Period: 30,589 days\n- Orbital Velocity: 6.8 km/s\n- Orbital Inclination: 0.8 degrees\n- Orbital Eccentricity: 0.047\n- Obliquity to Orbit: 97.8 degrees\n- Mean Temperature: -195 C\n- Surface Pressure: Unknown (NASA footnote: The surfaces of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are deep in the atmosphere and the location and pressures are not known.)\n- Number of Moons: 28\n- Ring System?: Yes\n- Global Magnetic Field?: Yes\n- Detailed NASA fact sheet: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/uranusfact.html\n- Values compared to Earth: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_ratio.html\n- Notes on the values: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planetfact_notes.html\n- Fact sheet last updated: 18 March 2025"},{"id":"279046aa-79a9-45c3-a188-5a31ff8f10c1","title":"Neptune","sourceUrl":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/","version":1,"createdAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:37.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:37.000Z","text":"Neptune facts from the NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (metric).\n\n- Mass: 102 × 10²⁴ kg\n- Diameter: 49,528 km\n- Density: 1638 kg/m³\n- Gravity: 11.0 m/s²\n- Escape Velocity: 23.5 km/s\n- Rotation Period: 16.1 hours\n- Length of Day: 16.1 hours\n- Distance from Sun: 4515.0 × 10⁶ km\n- Perihelion: 4471.1 × 10⁶ km\n- Aphelion: 4558.9 × 10⁶ km\n- Orbital Period: 59,800 days\n- Orbital Velocity: 5.4 km/s\n- Orbital Inclination: 1.8 degrees\n- Orbital Eccentricity: 0.010\n- Obliquity to Orbit: 28.3 degrees\n- Mean Temperature: -200 C\n- Surface Pressure: Unknown (NASA footnote: The surfaces of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are deep in the atmosphere and the location and pressures are not known.)\n- Number of Moons: 16\n- Ring System?: Yes\n- Global Magnetic Field?: Yes\n- Detailed NASA fact sheet: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/neptunefact.html\n- Values compared to Earth: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_ratio.html\n- Notes on the values: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planetfact_notes.html\n- Fact sheet last updated: 18 March 2025"},{"id":"9d858d4d-5a72-4896-91ee-82ec32286729","title":"Pluto","sourceUrl":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/","version":1,"createdAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:43.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T00:05:43.000Z","text":"Pluto facts from the NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (metric).\n\n- Mass: 0.0130 × 10²⁴ kg\n- Diameter: 2376 km\n- Density: 1850 kg/m³\n- Gravity: 0.7 m/s²\n- Escape Velocity: 1.3 km/s\n- Rotation Period: -153.3 hours\n- Length of Day: 153.3 hours\n- Distance from Sun: 5906.4 × 10⁶ km\n- Perihelion: 4436.8 × 10⁶ km\n- Aphelion: 7375.9 × 10⁶ km\n- Orbital Period: 90,560 days\n- Orbital Velocity: 4.7 km/s\n- Orbital Inclination: 17.2 degrees\n- Orbital Eccentricity: 0.244\n- Obliquity to Orbit: 119.5 degrees\n- Mean Temperature: -225 C\n- Surface Pressure: 0.00001 bars\n- Number of Moons: 5\n- Ring System?: No\n- Global Magnetic Field?: Unknown\n- Detailed NASA fact sheet: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.html\n- Values compared to Earth: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_ratio.html\n- Notes on the values: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planetfact_notes.html\n- Fact sheet last updated: 18 March 2025"}]}